人类进化：3 脱颖而出

In "Last Human Standing," the final program of the three-part series "Becoming Human," NOVA examines the fate of the Neanderthals, our European cousins who died out as modern humans spread from Africa into Europe during the Ice Age. Did modern humans interbreed with Neanderthals or exterminate them? The program explores crucial evidence from the recent decoding of the Neanderthal genome.


　　How did modern humans take over the world? New evidence suggests that they left Africa and colonized the rest of the globe far earlier, and for different reasons, than previously thought. As for Homo sapiens, we have planet Earth to ourselves today, but that's a very recent and unusual situation. For millions of years, many kinds of hominids co-existed. At one time Homo sapiens shared the planet with Neanderthals, Homo erectus, and the mysterious "Hobbits"–three-foot-high humans who thrived on the Indonesian island of Flores until as recently as 12,000 years ago.


　　"Last Human Standing" examines why "we" survived while those other ancestral cousins died out. And it explores the provocative question: In what ways are we still evolving today?

为毛一个三集纪录片要分开立条目啊 合一起不好咩

已经不复存在的尼安德特人，冰河时期的洞穴人，存活了约40万年，相比现代人没有吃过海鲜！人类离开非洲的迁徙路线，基本分三支，欧洲、亚洲西部和中国。三集看完意犹未尽。

"Homo sapiens is the most adaptive species in the human career, meaning that no matter what happens in the world, we have a way of adapting to it. Today that way is called culture."

尼安德塔人是人和猿之间缺失的那环，持续将近40万年。他们只吃大型食草动物。工具比较粗制滥造。这也导致了他们需要离猎物很近，很危险。气候巨变的时候，人类真正的祖先生活在海边。利用潮汐的规律采集贝类。用火使石英工具易于变薄。最为重要的是出现了文明。开始有了除基因外别的信息承载工具。

三集纪录片调理清楚逻辑严密，有理有据让人信服，优秀的人类学科普纪录片。除了反复出现的渣特效感觉很寒酸。

人类，是造物主的巧作还是大自然进化的必然？这是个问题。

foxp2基因对人类语言能力的形成至关重要。

we, homo sapiens, moved from Africa to Europe, to Asia, to Australia, to American, to Moon , and in future, to Mars. What a horrible but astonishing species!

这套三集的科普片看得非常过瘾，采访的确实都是这个领域的前沿人物。唯一可惜是近一两年发现的多数欧亚人有少量尼安德特人基因，因在此片拍成之后才发表，所以没有收录进去。从猿到人的进化真是个激动人心的研究领域啊

智人是经自然检验并选择之后，暂时留下的最适宜这个星球的人类物种，既然是暂时，一定不会“一劳永逸”地存在下去。